期刊
BRAIN RESEARCH
卷 1574, 期 -, 页码 84-95出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.05.049
关键词
West Nile Virus; Toll-like receptors (TLRs); MyD88; Trif
资金
- Scripps Research Institute [22038]
- NIH [U54 AI065359, R21 DA 029491]
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to be activated in Central Nervous System (CNS) viral infections and are recognized to be a critical component in innate immunity. Several reports state a role for particular TLRs in various CNS viral infections. However, excessive TLR activation was previously reported by us in correlation with a pathogenic, rather than a protective, outcome, in a model of SW encephalitis. Here we aimed at understanding the impact of TLR-mediated pathways by evaluating the early course of pathogenesis in the total absence of TLR signaling during CNS viral infections. We utilized a mouse model of sublethal West Nile virus (WNV) infection. WNV is an emerging neurotropic flavivirus, and a significant global cause of viral encephalitis. The virus was peripherally injected into animals that simultaneously lacked two key adapter molecules of TLR signaling, MyD88 and TRIP. On day 2 pi (post infection), MyD88/Trif(-/-) mice showed an increased susceptibility to WNV infection, and revealed an impairment in innate immune cytokines, when compared to wild type mice (WT). By day 6 pi, there was an increase in viral burden and robust expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as higher cell infiltration into the CNS in MyD88/Trif(-/-), when compared to infected WT. A drastic increase in microglia activation, astrogliosis, and inflammatory trafficking were also observed on day 6 pi in MyD88/Trif(-/-). Our observations show a protective role for TLR signaling pathways in preventing lethal encephalitis at early stages of WNV infection. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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