期刊
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
卷 10, 期 3, 页码 855-876出版社
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
DOI: 10.5194/acp-10-855-2010
关键词
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资金
- NASA [NGT5 06-ESSF06-45]
- European Commission
- Airbus
- Airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France)
- INSU-CNRS (France)
- Meteo-France
- Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany)
- ETHER
We combine CO column measurements from the MOPITT, AIRS, SCIAMACHY, and TES satellite instruments in a full-year (May 2004-April 2005) global inversion of CO sources at 4 degrees x 5 degrees spatial resolution and monthly temporal resolution. The inversion uses the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) and its adjoint applied to MOPITT, AIRS, and SCIAMACHY. Observations from TES, surface sites (NOAA/GMD), and aircraft (MOZAIC) are used for evaluation of the a posteriori solution. Using GEOS-Chem as a common intercomparison platform shows global consistency between the different satellite datasets and with the in situ data. Differences can be largely explained by different averaging kernels and a priori information. The global CO emission from combustion as constrained in the inversion is 1350 Tg a(-1). This is much higher than current bottom-up emission inventories. A large fraction of the correction results from a seasonal underestimate of CO sources at northern mid-latitudes in winter and suggests a larger-than-expected CO source from vehicle cold starts and residential heating. Implementing this seasonal variation of emissions solves the long-standing problem of models underestimating CO in the northern extratropics in winter-spring. A posteriori emissions also indicate a general underestimation of biomass burning in the GFED2 inventory. However, the tropical biomass burning constraints are not quantitatively consistent across the different datasets.
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