Inhaled non-steroid anti-inflammatories for children and adults with bronchiectasis

Background Chronic neutrophilic inflammation, both in the presence and absence of infection, is a feature of bronchiectasis in adults and children. The anti-inflammatory properties of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be beneficial in reducing airway inflammation and thus potentially improve lung function and quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of inhaled NSAIDs in the management of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adults. Search strategy We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2009, issue 3), MEDLINE, OLDMEDLINE and EMBASE databases. The latest searches were carried out in October 2009 Selection criteria All randomised controlled trials comparing inhaled NSAIDs to a control group (placebo or usual treatment) in children or adults with bronchiectasis not related to cystic fibrosis. Data collection and analysis We reviewed the results of the searches against pre-determined criteria for inclusion. Main results One small, short-term trial was eligible for inclusion. We included this study of 25 adults with chronic lung disease (including bronchiectasis) as the other conditions were linked to development of bronchiectasis and all had chronic sputum production. The single trial in adults reported a significant reduction in sputum production over 14 days in the treatment group (inhaled indomethacin) compared to placebo (difference -75.00 g/day; 95% CI -134.61 to -15.39) and a significant improvement in a dyspnoea score (difference -1.90; 95% CI -3.15 to -0.65). There was no significant difference between groups in lung function or blood indices. No adverse events were reported. Authors' conclusions There is currently insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of inhaled NSAIDs in the management of bronchiectasis in adults or children. One small trial reported a reduction in sputum production and improved dyspnoea in adults with chronic lung disease who were treated with inhaled indomethacin, indicating that further studies on the efficacy of NSAIDs in treating patients with bronchiectasis are warranted.