期刊
BRAIN INJURY
卷 28, 期 9, 页码 1180-1189出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.920524
关键词
Consciousness; effective connectivity; electroencephalography; minimally conscious state; transcranial magnetic stimulation; unresponsive wakefulness syndrome; vegetative state
资金
- University of Liege
- University Hospital of Liege
- Leon Fredericq Funds
- Belgian National Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS)
- European Commission (COST, DISCOS, MINDBRIDGE, DECODER)
- James McDonnell Foundation
- Mind Science Foundation
- Wallonie-Bruxelles International (WBI) the French Speaking Community Concerted Research Action [ARC 06/11-340]
- Belgian American Educational Foundation (BAEF) the Foundation Medicale Reine Elisabeth
- Public Utility Foundation 'Universite Europeenne du Travail'
- Fondazione Europea di Ricerca Biomedica
- NIH [MH064498, MH095984]
Background: This review discusses the advantages of transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with high-density electroencephalography (TMS-hdEEG) over other current techniques of brain imaging. Methods and results: Its application was reviewed, focusing particularly on disorders of consciousness, in the perspective of recent theories of consciousness. Assessment of non-communicative patients with disorders of consciousness remains a clinical challenge and objective measures of the level of consciousness are still needed. Current theories suggest that a key requirement for consciousness is the brain's capacity to rapidly integrate information across different specialized cortical areas. TMS-EEG allows the stimulation of any given cortical area and the recording of the immediate electrical cortical response. This technique has recently been successfully employed to measure changes in brain complexity under physiological, pharmacological and pathological conditions. Conclusions: This suggests that TMS-EEG is a reliable tool to discriminate between conscious and unconscious patients at the single subject level. Future works are needed to validate and implement this technique as a clinical tool.
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