Family matters: Maternal and litter-size effects on immune parameters in young laboratory rats

A functional immune system is important for the survival of mammalian young, particularly at weaning when they lose the Immunological support provided by the mother's colostrum and milk In altricial mammals, litter size and maternal characteristics are important components of an animal's early environment, which affect postnatal growth and development In a study of unculled litters of Long-Evans laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). we asked whether such parameters are also associated with the immune status of the young shortly before weaning On postnatal day 17, we assessed numbers of several leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets, the activity of the complement system, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in the serum Averaging the values of all pups pet litter, we found negative correlations between litter size and lymphocyte counts, complement system activity and IgG concentration Maternal effects were seen in the positive correlation between maternal postpartum body mass and granulocyte and monocyte counts In addition, lymphocyte and monocyte counts as well as complement activity wet e lower for the young of multiparous than of primiparous mothers. This suggests a trend towards a better developed immune system in such offspring, which may be relevant for their immediate and long-term survival The effects described here have potential implications for the design and interpretation of biomedical studies of immune parameters in laboratory rats (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved