GenotypePhenotype correlations in multiple sclerosis: HLA genes influence disease severity inferred by (HMR)-H-1 spectroscopy and MRI measures

Genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB11501 allele. Here we show a clear association between DRB11501 carrier status and four domains of disease severity in an investigation of genotypephenotype associations in 505 robust, clinically well characterized MS patients evaluated cross-sectionally: (i) a reduction in the N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) concentration within normal appearing white matter (NAWM) via (HMR)-H-1 spectroscopy (P 0.025), (ii) an increase in the volume of white matter (WM) lesions utilizing conventional anatomical MRI techniques (1,127 mm(3); P 0.031), (iii) a reduction in normalized brain parenchymal volume (nBPV) (P 0.023), and (iv) impairments in cognitive function as measured by the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT-3) performance (Mean Z Score: DRB11501: 0.110 versus DRB11501-: 0.048; P 0.004). In addition, DRB11501 patients had significantly more women (74 versus 63; P 0.009) and a younger mean age at disease onset (32.4 years versus 34.3 years; P 0.025). Our findings suggest that DRB11501 increases disease severity in MS by facilitating the development of more T2-foci, thereby increasing the potential for irreversible axonal compromise and subsequent neuronal degeneration, as suggested by the reduction of NAA concentrations in NAWM, ultimately leading to a decline in brain volume. These structural aberrations may explain the significant differences in cognitive performance observed between DRB11501 groups. The overall goal of a deep phenotypic approach to MS is to develop an array of meaningful biomarkers to monitor the course of the disease, predict future disease behaviour, determine when treatment is necessary, and perhaps to more effectively recommend an available therapeutic intervention.