Comprehensive Evaluation of the Water Resource Carrying Capacity for China

Shortage and uneven distribution of water resources in China is becoming a serious constraint of sustainable development of the society and its economy. Being based on the systems theory, this paper discusses the coordinated relationship between the social-economic development, the ecological environment and the water resources of China. A special evaluation model has been developed and applied in order to compute the comprehensive evaluation index of water resource carrying capacity on the basis of selecting available annual data for each province of China, describe the water resource carrying capacity for each province, and, next, evaluate the total resource carrying capacity for China. As obvious from the results, the water resources do not match with the distribution of the population and with the state of economy. Chinese southwestern provinces have a relatively large potential of water carrying capacity. The Yangtze River basin, the Pearl River basin and the eastern coastal areas no longer possess an advantage in the water carrying capacity. Some regions, such as the North China Plain, and Northwestern China, e.g. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Gansu Province experience severe shortage of water resources, since the water supply system is overloaded.