期刊
BMC MEDICINE
卷 11, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-63
关键词
diet; meat; mortality; cohort; Europe; cardiovascular; cancer
资金
- Europe Against Cancer Program of the European Commission (SANCO)
- Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
- Danish Cancer Society
- Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, Spanish Regional Government of Andalucia
- Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, Spanish Regional Government of Asturias
- Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, Spanish Regional Government of Basque Country
- Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, Spanish Regional Government of Murcia
- Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, Spanish Regional Government of Navarra
- ISCIII RCESP, Spain [C03/09]
- Cancer Research UK
- Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
- Stroke Association, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation
- Department of Health, United Kingdom
- Food Standards Agency, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
- Hellenic Health Foundation
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation
- Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC)
- Italian National Research Council, Italy
- Fondazione-Istituto Banco Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS) (The Netherlands)
- Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR) (The Netherlands)
- LK Research Funds (The Netherlands)
- Dutch Prevention Funds (The Netherlands)
- Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland) (The Netherlands)
- World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) (The Netherlands)
- Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands)
- Swedish Cancer Society
- Swedish Scientific Council
- Regional Government of Skane, Sweden
- Nordforsk the Norwegian Cancer Society
- French League against Cancer (LNCC)
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), France
- Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale (MGEN), France
- 3M Co, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute (IGR), France
- General Councils of France
- Cancer Research UK [14136] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G1000143, G0401527] Funding Source: researchfish
Background: Recently, some US cohorts have shown a moderate association between red and processed meat consumption and mortality supporting the results of previous studies among vegetarians. The aim of this study was to examine the association of red meat, processed meat, and poultry consumption with the risk of early death in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Methods: Included in the analysis were 448,568 men and women without prevalent cancer, stroke, or myocardial infarction, and with complete information on diet, smoking, physical activity and body mass index, who were between 35 and 69 years old at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association of meat consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Results: As of June 2009, 26,344 deaths were observed. After multivariate adjustment, a high consumption of red meat was related to higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.28, 160+ versus 10 to 19.9 g/day), and the association was stronger for processed meat (HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.66, 160+ versus 10 to 19.9 g/day). After correction for measurement error, higher all-cause mortality remained significant only for processed meat (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.25, per 50 g/d). We estimated that 3.3% (95% CI 1.5% to 5.0%) of deaths could be prevented if all participants had a processed meat consumption of less than 20 g/day. Significant associations with processed meat intake were observed for cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and 'other causes of death'. The consumption of poultry was not related to all-cause mortality. Conclusions: The results of our analysis support a moderate positive association between processed meat consumption and mortality, in particular due to cardiovascular diseases, but also to cancer.
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