期刊
GUT MICROBES
卷 5, 期 5, 页码 652-662出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.4161/19490976.2014.969977
关键词
B cell; immunoglobulin A (IgA); inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); innate immune recognition; intestinal microbiota; mucosa; plasma cell
资金
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Society of Canada
- MS Society Research Foundation
- Kidney Foundation
- MS Society of Canada
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
The intestinal mucosa harbors the largest population of antibody (Ab)secreting plasma cells (PC) in the human body, producing daily several grams of immunoglobulin A (IgA). IgA has many functions, serving as a first-line barrier that protects the mucosal epithelium from pathogens, toxins and food antigens (Ag), shaping the intestinal microbiota, and regulating host-commensal homeostasis. Signals induced by commensal colonization are central for regulating IgA induction, maintenance, positioning and function and the number of IgA(+) PC is dramatically reduced in neonates and germ-free (GF) animals. Recent evidence demonstrates that the innate immune effector molecules tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are required for IgA(+) PC homeostasis during the steady state and infection. Moreover, new functions ascribed to PC independent of Ab secretion continue to emerge, suggesting that PC, including IgA(+) PC, should be reexamined in the context of inflammation and infection. Here, we outline mechanisms of IgA(+) PC generation and survival, reviewing their functions in health and disease.
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