4.4 Article

Cross-kingdom host shifts of phytomyxid parasites

期刊

BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
卷 14, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

BMC
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-33

关键词

Plasmodiophorid; Plant pathogen; Evolution; Taxonomy; Host range; Plasmodiophora; Polymyxa; Woronina; Sorosphaerula; Spongospora

资金

  1. Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through a Hertha-Firnberg research grant [T379-B16]
  2. Erwin Schrodinger grant [J3175-B20]
  3. University Innsbruck [718001 Nachwuchsforderung]
  4. Forschungszentrum Berglandwirtschaft (University Innsbruck)
  5. NERC [NE/H000887/1]
  6. SynTax project
  7. [NE/H009426/1]
  8. NERC [NE/H000887/1, NE/H009426/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  9. Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [J3175] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
  10. Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [J 3175] Funding Source: researchfish
  11. Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H000887/1, NE/H009426/1] Funding Source: researchfish

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Background: Phytomyxids (plasmodiophorids and phagomyxids) are cosmopolitan, obligate biotrophic protist parasites of plants, diatoms, oomycetes and brown algae. Plasmodiophorids are best known as pathogens or vectors for viruses of arable crops (e. g. clubroot in brassicas, powdery potato scab, and rhizomania in sugar beet). Some phytomyxid parasites are of considerable economic and ecologic importance globally, and their hosts include important species in marine and terrestrial environments. However most phytomyxid diversity remains uncharacterised and knowledge of their relationships with host taxa is very fragmentary. Results: Our molecular and morphological analyses of phytomyxid isolates-including for the first time oomycete and sea-grass parasites-demonstrate two cross-kingdom host shifts between closely related parasite species: between angiosperms and oomycetes, and from diatoms/brown algae to angiosperms. Switching between such phylogenetically distant hosts is generally unknown in host-dependent eukaryote parasites. We reveal novel plasmodiophorid lineages in soils, suggesting a much higher diversity than previously known, and also present the most comprehensive phytomyxid phylogeny to date. Conclusion: Such large-scale host shifts between closely related obligate biotrophic eukaryote parasites is to our knowledge unique to phytomyxids. Phytomyxids may readily adapt to a wide diversity of new hosts because they have retained the ability to covertly infect alternative hosts. A high cryptic diversity and ubiquitous distribution in agricultural and natural habitats implies that in a changing environment phytomyxids could threaten the productivity of key species in marine and terrestrial environments alike via host shift speciation.

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