期刊
BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
卷 12, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-122
关键词
Toll-like receptor; SNP; Adaptive evolution; Positive selection; Sheep; Cattle
资金
- University of Nottingham studentship grant
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (Institute Strategic Programme Grant) (KTN Biosciences)
- BBSRC
- Scottish Government Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate (RERAD)
- Pfizer Animal Health
- [BB/D524040/1]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/D524040/1, BBS/E/D/20310000, BBS/E/D/20231759, BB/D524040/2] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MR/K001744/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/D524040/2, BBS/E/D/20310000, BB/D524040/1, BBS/E/D/20231759] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [MR/K001744/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Background: Previous studies have proposed that mammalian toll like receptors (TLRs) have evolved under diversifying selection due to their role in pathogen detection. To determine if this is the case, we examined the extent of adaptive evolution in the TLR5 gene in both individual species and defined clades of the mammalia. Results: In support of previous studies, we find evidence of adaptive evolution of mammalian TLR5. However, we also show that TLR5 genes of domestic livestock have a concentration of single nucleotide polymorphisms suggesting a specific signature of adaptation. Using codon models of evolution we have identified a concentration of rapidly evolving codons within the TLR5 extracellular domain a site of interaction between host and the bacterial surface protein flagellin. Conclusions: The results suggest that interactions between pathogen and host may be driving adaptive change in TLR5 by competition between species. In support of this, we have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in sheep and cattle TLR5 genes that are co-localised and co-incident with the predicted adaptive codons suggesting that adaptation in this region of the TLR5 gene is on-going in domestic species.
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