Coenzyme Q(10) Therapy

For a number of years, coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) was known for its key role in mitochondrial bioenergetics; later studies demonstrated its presence in other subcellular fractions and in blood plasma, and extensively investigated its antioxidant role. These 2 functions constitute the basis for supporting the clinical use of CoQ(10). Also, at the inner mitochondrial membrane level, CoQ(10) is recognized as an obligatory cofactor for the function of uncoupling proteins and a modulator of the mitochondrial transition pore. Furthermore, recent data indicate that CoQ(10) affects the expression of genes involved in human cell signaling, metabolism and transport, and some of the effects of CoQ(10) supplementation may be due to this property. CoQ(10) deficiencies are due to autosomal recessive mutations, mitochondrial diseases, aging-related oxidative stress and carcinogenesis processes, and also statin treatment. Many neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, cancer, and muscular and cardiovascular diseases have been associated with low CoQ(10) levels as well as different ataxias and encephalomyopathies. CoQ(10) treatment does not cause serious adverse effects in humans and new formulations have been developed that increase CoQ(10) absorption and tissue distribution. Oral administration of CoQ(10) is a frequent antioxidant strategy in many diseases that may provide a significant symptomatic benefit. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel