Singlet oxygen generation in porphyrin-doped polymeric surface coating enables antimicrobial effects on Staphylococcus aureus

Surfaces can be coated with photosensitizer molecules, which generate singlet oxygen (O-1(2)) when the surface is exposed to light. O-1(2) may diffuse from the coating and has the potential to kill microorganisms present on the surface. In the present study a derivative of the meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) was immobilized onto polyurethane (PU) after being sprayed and polymerized as a thin layer onto poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA). PU is gas permeable and thus a sufficient amount of oxygen reaches the photosensitizer in this coating. The surface generation of O-1(2) and its diffusion were investigated by detecting its luminescence at 1270 nm and a tri-iodide assay. Antimicrobial photodynamic surface effects were tested on Staphylococcus aureus. The spectrally resolved detection of O-1(2) luminescence yielded a clear peak at 1275 nm. The time-resolved luminescence showed multi-exponential decay, revealing rise and decay times in the range of 5-2 x 10(2) mu s. The photodynamic inactivation of S. aureus was monitored at different photosensitizer concentrations and radiant exposures of light. A photodynamic killing of >99.9% (>3log(10)-steps) was achieved within an irradiation time of 30 min. The photodynamic killing on the bioactive surface confirmed the antimicrobial effect of O-1(2) that was generated in the PU-coating and reached the bacteria by diffusion.