CBD binding domain fused γ-lactamase from Sulfolobus solfataricus is an efficient catalyst for (-) γ-lactam production

Background: gamma-lactamase is used for the resolution of gamma-lactam which is utilized in the synthesizing of abacavir and peramivir. In some cases, enzymatic method is the most utilized method because of its high efficiency and productivity. The cellulose binding domain (CBD) of cellulose is often used as the bio-specific affinity matrix for enzyme immobilization. Cellulose is cheap and it has excellent chemical and physical properties. Meanwhile, binding between cellulose and CBD is tight and the desorption rarely happened. Results: We prepared two fusion constructs of the gamma-lactamase gene gla, which was from Sulfolobus solfataricus P2. These two constructs had Cbd (cellulose binding domain from Clostridium thermocellum) fused at amino or carboxyl terminus of the gamma-lactamase. These two constructs were heterogeneously expressed in E. coli rosetta (DE3) as two fusion proteins. Both of them were immobilized well on Avicel (microcrystalline cellulose matrix). The apparent kinetic parameters revealed that carboxyl terminus fused protein (Gla-linker-Cbd) was a better catalyst. The V-max and k(cat) value of Avicel immobilized Gla-linker-Cbd were 381 U mg(-1) and 4.7 x 105 s(-1) respectively. And the values of the free Gla-linker-Cbd were 151 U mg(-1) and 1.8 x 105 s(-1) respectively. These data indicated that the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme was upgraded after immobilization. The immobilized Gla-linker-Cbd had a 10-degree temperature optimum dropping from 80 degrees C to 70 degrees C but it was stable when incubated at 60 degrees C for 48 h. It remained stable in catalyzing 20-batch reactions. After optimization, the immobilized enzyme concentration in transformation was set as 200 mg/mL. We found out that there was inhibition that occurred to the immobilized enzyme when substrate concentration exceeded 60 mM. Finally a 10 mL-volume transformation was conducted, in which 0.6 M substrate was hydrolyzed and the resolution was completed within 9 h with a 99.5% ee value. Conclusions: Cellulose is the most abundant and renewable material on the Earth. The absorption between Cbd domain and cellulose is a bio-green process. The cellulose immobilized fusion Gla exhibited good catalytic characters, therefore we think the cellulose immobilized Gla is a promising catalyst for the industrial preparation of (-) - gamma-lactam.