The Gene of the Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 8 Is Frequently Mutated in Adenomas Causing Cushing's Disease

Context: We have recently reported somatic mutations in the ubiquitin-specific protease USP8 gene in a small series of adenomas of patients with Cushing's disease. Objective: To determine the prevalence of USP8 mutations and the genotype-phenotype correlation in a large series of patients diagnosed with Cushing's disease. Design: We performed a retrospective, multicentric, genetic analysis of 134 functioning and 11 silent corticotroph adenomas using Sanger sequencing. Biochemical and clinical features were collected and examined within the context of the mutational status of USP8, and new mutations were characterized by functional studies. Patients: A total of 145 patients who underwent surgery for an ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma. Main Outcomes Measures: Mutational status of USP8. Biochemical and clinical features included sex, age at diagnosis, tumor size, preoperative and postoperative hormonal levels, and comorbidities. Results: We found somatic mutations in USP8 in 48 (36%) pituitary adenomas from patients with Cushing's disease but in none of 11 silent corticotropinomas. The prevalence was higher in adults than in pediatric cases (41 vs 17%) and in females than in males (43 vs 17%). Adults having USP8mutated adenomas were diagnosed at an earlier age than those with wild-type lesions (36 vs 44 y). Mutations were primarily found in adenomas of 10 +/- 7mmand were inversely associated with the developmentof postoperative adrenal insufficiency. All the mutations affected the residues Ser718 or Pro720, including five new identified alterations. Mutations reduced the interaction between USP8 and 14-3-3 and enhanced USP8 activity. USP8 mutants diminished epidermal growth factor receptor ubiquitination and induced Pomc promoter activity in immortalized AtT-20 corticotropinoma cells. Conclusions: USP8 is frequently mutated in adenomas causing Cushing's disease, especially in those from female adult patients diagnosed at a younger age.