期刊
PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
卷 10, 期 2, 页码 202-212出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/1745691614564876
关键词
social neuroscience; loneliness; phylogeny; animal models; mechanisms
资金
- National Institute on Aging [R37AG033590]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING [R37AG033590] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH [P51OD011107] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Loneliness typically refers to the feelings of distress and dysphoria resulting from a discrepancy between a person's desired and achieved levels of social relations, and there is now considerable evidence that loneliness is a risk factor for poor psychological and physical health. Loneliness has traditionally been conceptualized as a uniquely human phenomenon. However, over millions of years of evolution, efficient and manifold neural, hormonal, and molecular mechanisms have evolved for promoting companionship and mutual protection/assistance and for organizing adaptive responses when there is a significant discrepancy between the preferred and realized levels of social connection. We review evidence suggesting that loneliness is not a uniquely human phenomenon, but, instead, as a scientific construct, it represents a generally adaptive predisposition that can be found across phylogeny. Central to this argument is the premise that the brain is the key organ of social connections and processes. Comparative studies and animal models, particularly when integrated with human studies, have much to contribute to the understanding of loneliness and its underlying principles, mechanisms, consequences, and potential treatments.
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