High shear-dependent loss of membrane integrity and defective platelet adhesion following disruption of the GPIbα-filamin interaction

Platelets have evolved a highly specialized membrane skeleton that provides stability to the plasma membrane and facilitates adhesion under high shear stress. The cytoskeletal anchorage of glycoprotein (GP) Ib alpha plays an important role in regulating the membrane skeleton. However, its role in regulating membrane stability remains unknown. To investigate this role, we have developed a new mouse model that expresses wild-type human GPIb alpha (hGPIb alpha(WT)), or a mutant form of human GPIb alpha that has a selective defect in its ability to bind filamin A and anchor to the membrane skeleton (hGPIb alpha(FW)-Phe568Ala and Trp570Ala substitutions). Our study demonstrates that the link between platelet GPIb and the cytoskeleton does not alter the intrinsic ligand binding function of GPIb alpha or the ability of the receptor to stimulate integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3)-dependent spreading. However, exposure of hGPIb alpha(FW) platelets to pathologic shear rate levels (5000 to 40 000 s(-1)) leads to the development of unstable membrane tethers, defective platelet adhesion, and loss of membrane integrity, leading to complete disintegration of the platelet cell body. These outcomes suggest that the GPIb alpha-filamin A interaction not only regulates the architecture of the membrane skeleton, but also maintains the mechanical stability of the plasma membrane under conditions of high shear. (Blood. 2011; 117(9): 2718-2727)