Palladium nanoparticles in the catalysis of coupling reactions

Palladium catalyzed coupling reactions have emerged as a versatile, convenient, selective and mild protocol that can usually be adapted in any synthetic scheme for important target molecules with various degrees of structural complexity. While anchored catalysts offer recycling advantages, palladium nanoparticles display an impressive ability to catalyse coupling reactions. Along with their successful applications in organic synthesis, controversy has also arisen concerning the exact nature - heterogeneous or homogeneous of the reaction catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles.