Polyelectrolyte gelatin-chitosan hydrogel optimized for 3D bioprinting in skin tissue engineering

Bioprinting is a promising automated platform that enables the simultaneous deposition of multiple types of cells and biomaterials to fabricate complex three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs. Collagen-based biomaterial used in most of the previous works on skin bioprinting has poor printability and long crosslinking time. This posed an immense challenge to create 3D constructs with pre-determined shape and configuration at high throughput. Recently, the use of chitosan for wound healing applications has attracted huge attention due to its attractive traits such as its antimicrobial properties and ability to trigger hemostasis. In this paper, we optimized polyelectrolyte gelatin-chitosan hydrogel for 3D bioprinting. Modification to the chitosan was carried out via the oppositely charged functional groups from chitosan and gelatin at a specific pH of similar to pH 6.5 to form polyelectrolyte complexes. The polyelectrolyte hydrogels were evaluated in terms of physical interactions within polymer blend, rheological properties (viscosities, storage and loss modulus), printing resolution at varying pressures and feed rates and biocompatibility. The polyelectrolyte gelatin-chitosan hydrogels formulated in this work was optimized for 3D bioprinting at room temperature to achieve high shape fidelity of the printed 3D constructs and good biocompatibility with fibroblast skin cells.