期刊
BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS
卷 25, 期 1, 页码 43-51出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/btpr.139
关键词
embryoid body; embryonic stem cells; differentiation; microenvironment; morphogenesis
资金
- National Science Foundation [CBET 0651739]
- National Institutes of Health [R21 E13007316, GM008433]
- American Heart Association [066526513]
- Goizueta Foundation
- Georgia Tech/Emory Center for Engineering of Living Tissues [NSF EEC 9731463]
- GAANN
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells capable of differentiating into all somatic and germ cell types. The intrinsic ability of pluripotent cells to generate a vast array of different cells makes ESCs a robust resource for a variety of cell transplantation and tissue engineering applications, however, efficient and controlled means of directing ESC differentiation is essential for the development of regenerative therapies. ESCs are commonly differentiated in vitro by spontaneously self-assembling in suspension culture into 3D cell aggregates called embryoid bodies (EBs), which mimic many of the hallmarks of early embryonic development, yet the 3D organization and structure of EBs also presents unique challenges to effectively direct the differentiation of the cells. ESC differentiation is strongly influenced by physical and chemical signals comprising the local extracellular microenvironment, thus current methods to engineer EB differentiation have focused primarily on spatially controlling EB size, adding soluble factors to the media, or culturing EBs on or within natural or synthetic extracellular matrices. Although most such strategies aim to influence differentiation from the exterior of EBs, engineering the microenvironment directly within EBs enables new opportunities to efficiently direct the fate of the cells by locally controlling the presentation of morphogenic cues. 0 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 25: 43-51, 2009
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