期刊
APPLIED ENERGY
卷 203, 期 -, 页码 267-279出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.010
关键词
Hierarchical market; Incentive-based demand response; Resource trading; Smart grid; Stackelberg game
资金
- National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2016K2A9A2A11938310]
- Ansan city
- Gyeonggi Regional Research Center (GRRC) of Gyeonggi Province under IoT/CPS-based Factory Energy Management System [2016-B01]
This paper proposes a novel incentive-based demand response model from the view of a grid operator to enable system-level dispatch of demand response resources. The model spans three hierarchical levels of a grid operator, multiple service providers, and corresponding customers. The grid operator first posts an incentive to service providers, who will then invoke sub-programs with enrolled customers to negotiate quantities of demand reduction via providing service provider incentives. In view of this hierarchical decision-making structure, a two-loop Stackelberg game is proposed to capture interactions between different actors. The existence of a unique Stackelberg equilibrium that provides optimal system solutions is demonstrated. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is effective in helping compensate system resource deficiency at minimum cost. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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