Identification of metabolic fluxes in hepatic cells from transient 13C-labeling experiments:: Part I.: Experimental observations

An experimental set-up for acquiring metabolite and transient C-13-labeling data in mammalian cells is presented. An efficient sampling procedure was established for hepatic cells cultured in six-well plates as a monolayer attached to collagen, which allowed simultaneous quenching of metabolism and extraction of the intracellular intermediates of interest. Extracellular concentrations of glucose, amino acids, lactate, pyruvate, and urea were determined by GC-MS procedures and were used for estimation of metabolic uptake and excretion rates. Sensitive LC-MS and GC-MS methods were used to quantify the intracellular intermediates of tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway and for the determination of isotopomer fractions of the respective metabolites. Mass isotopomer fractions were determined in a transient C-13-labeling experiment using C-13-labeled glucose as substrate. The absolute amounts of intracellular metabolites were obtained from a non-labeled experiment carried out in exactly the same way as the C-13-labeling experiment, except that the media contained naturally labeled glucose only. Estimation of intracellular metabolic fluxes from the presented data is addressed in part II of this contribution.