Intrauterine fetal deaths related to antiphospholipid syndrome: a descriptive study of 65 women

ObjectiveAlthough one of the three obstetric manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), little is known about it in this context. We report the first large series of patients with APS and IUFD.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the history and clinical data of women at four French hospitals. All had (1) APS diagnosis (Sydney criteria) and (2) IUFD at or after 10weeks of gestation (weeks) between 2000 and 2016.ResultsThe study included 65 women. Their median age at the index IUFD was 29years (IQR 26-33); 38 (58%) were primigravidas. The index IUFD was the first APS clinical manifestation in 48 women (74%). Overall, 35% had a triple-positive antibody profile.IUFD occurred at a median gestational age of 24weeks (IQR 18-27) and was associated with maternal obstetric complications in 16 women (25%), namely, preeclampsia (n=12), hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet syndrome (HELLP) (n=6), and/or placental abruption (n=5). Half of the 50 women with available data had a small-for-gestational-age fetus.Overall, including during the follow-up period of 4years (IQR 2-9), 28 women (43%) had at least one thrombosis, and 29% were diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Ultimately, 54 women (83%) had at least one live birth. Only one woman had three consecutive early miscarriages.ConclusionIUFD was most often the inaugural sign of APS. Of the APS classification criteria, IUFD, preeclampsia, and thromboses were common in this cohort, while the 3 consecutive early miscarriages criterion was met only once. With treatment, most of the women successfully had at least one live birth.