Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation by Direct Cell-Cell Contact between Brewing Yeasts and Lactic Acid Bacteria

Mixed-species biofilm was remarkably formed in a static co-culture of Lactobacillus plantarum ML11-11 and Saccharonzyces cerevisiae Y11-43 isolated from brewing samples of Fukuyama pot vinegar. Mixed-species biofilm is probably formed by direct cell-cell contact between ML11-11 and S. cerevisiae including Y11-43 and laboratory yeast strains. Scanning electron microscopic observation suggested that the mixed-species biofilm had a thick, bi-layer structure.