期刊
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
卷 151, 期 -, 页码 271-277出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.045
关键词
Hydrothermal carbonization; Kinetics; Carbonaceous microspheres; Tannin
资金
- Region Lorraine
- CPER Structuration du Pole de Competitivite Fibres Grand'-Est (Competitiveness Fibre Cluster)
- UHP through the programme 'Jeunes chercheurs'
- CPER through local (Conseil General des Vosges)
- CPER through regional (Region Lorraine)
- CPER through national (DRRT and FNADT)
- CPER through European (FEDER) funds
Aqueous solutions of condensed tannins were submitted to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in a stainless steel autoclave, and the kinetics of hydrothermal carbon formation was investigated by changing several parameters: amount of tannin (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 g in 16 mL of water), HTC temperature (130, 160, 180 and 200 degrees C) and reaction times (from 1 to 720 h). The morphology and the structure of the tannin-based hydrothermal carbons were studied by TEM, krypton adsorption at - 196 degrees C and helium pycnometry. These materials presented agglomerated spherical particles, having surface areas ranging from 0.6 to 10.0 m(2) g(-1). The chemical composition of the hydrothermal carbons was found to be constant and independent of reaction time. HTC kinetics of tannin were determined and shown to correspond to first-order reaction. Temperature-dependent measurements led to an activation energy of 91 kJ mol(-1) for hydrothermal conversion of tannin into carbonaceous microspheres separable by centrifugation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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