期刊
BIOFABRICATION
卷 10, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aac7e6
关键词
spheroids; vascularization; coculture; scaffold-free; 3D culture; bioprinting
资金
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) [1510414N]
- Ghent University (Special Research Fund, BOF) [01B02315, 14-GOA-019]
- Erasmus Mundus Action 2 Project Basileus V for a scholarship
- FWO-Vlaanderen [1506218N, 1507118N, G051918N]
Overcoming the problem of vascularization remains the main challenge in the field of tissue engineering. As three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the rising technique for the fabrication of large tissue constructs, small prevascularized building blocks were generated that can be incorporated throughout a printed construct, answering the need for a microvasculature within the small micron range (<10 mu m). Uniform spheroids with an ideal geometry and diameter for bioprinting were formed, using a high-throughput non-adhesive agarose microwell system. Since monoculture spheroids of endothelial cells were unable to remain stable, coculture spheroids combining endothelial cells with fibroblasts and/or adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) as supporting cells, were created. When applying the favorable coculture ratio, viable spheroids were obtained and endothelial cells spontaneously formed a capillary-like network and lumina, as shown by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Especially the presence of ADSC led to a higher vascularization and extracellular matrix production of the microtissue. Moreover, spheroids were able to assemble at random in suspension and in a hydrogel, creating a macrotissue. During at random assembly, cells reorganized, creating a branched capillary-network throughout the entire fused construct by inoculating with capillaries of adjacent spheroids. Combining the advantage of this natural capacity of microtissues to self-assemble and the controlled organization by bioprinting technologies, these prevascularized spheroids can be useful as building blocks for the engineering of large vascularized 3D tissues.
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