First Simultaneous Observations of Formaldehyde and Glyoxal by MAX-DOAS in the Indo-Gangetic Plain Region

Since January 2017 continuous multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations have been performed for the first time at Pantnagar (29.03 degrees N, 79.47 degrees E), a semi-urban site located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain region in India. Here we report the formaldehyde (HCHO), glyoxal (CHOCHO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations for the lowest layer (0-1 km) of the retrieved vertical profiles. The ratio of CHOCHO to HCHO concentrations (R-GF), an important tracer indicative of changes in volatile organic compound emissions was estimated. During spring and autumn enhanced concentrations of HCHO and CHOCHO were observed wider the influence of biomass burning. The mean R-GF for the whole observation period (January-November) in Pantnagar was estimated to be 0.029 +/- 0.006. Comparing with similar MAX-DOAS observations in central Thailand and reported literature values, we found that the R-GF tends to be < similar to 0.04 under the influence of biomass burning and/or anthropogenic emissions.