期刊
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
卷 862, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaca40
关键词
magnetic fields; planets and satellites: aurorae; solar-terrestrial relations; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; sunspots
资金
- Kyoto University's Supporting Program for Interaction-based Initiative Team Studies Integrated study on human in space
- Interdisciplinary Research Idea contest 2014 by the Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research
- UCHUGAKU project of the Unit of Synergetic Studies for Space
- Exploratory and Mission Research Projects of the Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere
- SPIRITS 2017 of Kyoto University
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [JP18H01254, JP15H05816, JP15H03732, JP16H03955, JP15H05815, JP16K17671, JP15H05814, JP17J06954]
- NERC [ncas10003] Funding Source: UKRI
- STFC [ST/M001083/1] Funding Source: UKRI
The study of historical great geomagnetic storms is crucial for assessing the possible risks to the technological infrastructure of a modern society, caused by extreme space-weather events. The normal benchmark has been the great geomagnetic storm of 1859 September, the so-called Carrington Event. However, there are numerous records of another great geomagnetic storm in 1872 February. This storm, which occurred about 12 years after the Carrington Event, resulted in comparable magnetic disturbances and auroral displays over large areas of the Earth. We have revisited this great geomagnetic storm in terms of the auroral and sunspot records in historical documents from East Asia. In particular, we have surveyed the auroral records from East Asia and estimated the equatorward boundary of the auroral oval to be near 24 degrees.2 invariant latitude, on the basis that the aurora was seen near the zenith at Shanghai (20 degrees magnetic latitude, MLAT). These results confirm that this geomagnetic storm of 1872 February was as extreme as the Carrington Event, at least in terms of the equatorward motion of the auroral oval. Indeed, our results support the interpretation of the simultaneous auroral observations made at Bombay (10 degrees MLAT). The East Asian auroral records have indicated extreme brightness, suggesting unusual precipitation of high-intensity, low-energy electrons during this geomagnetic storm. We have compared the duration of the East Asian auroral displays with magnetic observations in Bombay and found that the auroral displays occurred in the initial phase, main phase, and early recovery phase of the magnetic storm.
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