期刊
THERANOSTICS
卷 9, 期 25, 页码 7759-7771出版社
IVYSPRING INT PUBL
DOI: 10.7150/thno.37574
关键词
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING); cyclic dinucleotides; cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS); immunostimulatory adjuvants; drug delivery; cancer immunotherapy
资金
- Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences VCU School of Pharmacy, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical and Translational Science Award KL2 Scholarship
- American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grants [IRG-18-159-43]
- Massey Cancer Center [P30 CA106059]
- VCU Presidential Research Quest Fund
- NIH [CA099326]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81772999]
- Guangzhou People's Livelihood Science and Technology Project [201903010006]
- National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China [201804038]
- VCU C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research [UL1TR002649]
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [R01CA175033, R01CA229812, R01CA099326] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCING TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCES [UL1TR002649, KL2TR002648] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Cancer immunotherapy modulates and leverages the host immune system to treat cancer. The past decade has witnessed historical advancement of cancer immunotherapy. A myriad of approaches have been explored to elicit or augment anticancer innate immunity and/or adaptive immunity. Recently, activation of stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING), an intracellular receptor residing in the endoplasmic reticulum, has shown great potential to enhance antitumor immunity through the induction of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including type I IFNs. A number of natural and synthetic STING agonists have been discovered or developed, and tested in preclinical models and in the clinic for the immunotherapy of diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), such as cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP), and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), are a class of STING agonists that can elicit immune responses. However, natural CDNs are hydrophilic small molecules with negative charges and are susceptible to enzymatic degradation, leading to low bioavailability in target tissues yet unwanted toxicities and narrow therapeutic windows. Drug delivery systems, coupled with nucleic acid chemistry, have been exploited to address these challenges. Here, we will discuss the underlying immunological mechanisms and approaches to STING activation, with a focus on the delivery of STING agonists, for cancer immunotherapy.
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