Development, characterization, and utilization of magnetized orange peel waste as a novel adsorbent for the confiscation of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution

In this investigation, the adsorption performance of orange peel (OP) and magnetized orange peel (MOP) as adsorbents for the confiscation of crystal violet (CV) dye from synthetically polluted water was examined. The batch experiments were performed by varying the operational parameters like pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, and temperature. The equilibrium adsorption capacity was higher with MOP (46.94 mg g(-1)) than OP (22.73 mg g(-1)). The better adsorption of CV at higher pH and higher temperatures for both OP and MOP was observed. Adsorption equilibrium data of both OP and MOP were well fitted with Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of MOP/CV was found to be higher (555.6 mg g(-1) than that of OP/CV (138.9 mg g(-1)). Kinetic data followed the pseudo-second-order (P-S-O) model suggesting that the process of CV adsorption was more inclined toward the chemisorption mechanism. The electrostatic attraction between the depmtonated surface of adsorbate and cationic CV molecule was suggested to be involved in chemisorption. Thermodynamic inspection showed that the process of adsorption of dye onto OP and MOP was spontaneous and endothermic in nature and accompanied by an increase in entropy. Due to very high adsorption affinity, low cost, easy separability, and regenerability, the magnetically modified adsorbent (MOP) has been established to be a very promising remedy for the elimination of CV from industrial wastewater.