Robotic Spine Surgery: Current State in Minimally Invasive Surgery

Study Design: Narrative review. Objectives: Robotic systems in spinal surgery may offer potential benefits for both patients and surgeons. In this article, the authors explore the future prospects and current limitations of robotic systems in minimally invasive spine surgery. Methods: We describe recent developments in robotic spine surgery and minimally invasive spine surgery. Institutional review board approval was not needed. Results: Although robotic application in spine surgery has been gradual, the past decade has seen the arrival of several novel robotic systems for spinal procedures, suggesting the evolution of technology capable of augmenting surgical ability. Conclusion: Spine surgery is well positioned to benefit from robotic assistance and automation. Paired with enhanced navigation technologies, robotic systems have tremendous potential to supplement the skills of spine surgeons, improving patient safety and outcomes while limiting complications and costs.