期刊
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
卷 18, 期 -, 页码 1137-1152出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.05.013
关键词
Double-strand break (DSB); DNA damage; MRX/MRN; Mre11; Rad50; Xrs2/NBS1
资金
- Fondazione AIRC under IG 2017 [19783]
- Progetti di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale (PRIN) 2017
Chromosomal DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are potentially lethal DNA lesions that pose a significant threat to genome stability and therefore need to be repaired to preserve genome integrity. Eukaryotic cells possess two main mechanisms for repairing DSBs: non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). HR requires that the 5' terminated strands at both DNA ends are nucleolytically degraded by a concerted action of nucleases in a process termed DNA-end resection. This degradation leads to the formation of 3'-ended single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) ends that are essential to use homologous DNA sequences for repair. The evolutionarily conserved Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2/NBS1 complex (MRX/MRN) has enzymatic and structural activities to initiate DSB resection and to maintain the DSB ends tethered to each other for their repair. Furthermore, it is required to recruit and activate the protein kinase Tel1/ATM, which plays a key role in DSB signaling. All these functions depend on ATP-regulated DNA binding and nucleolytic activities of the complex. Several structures have been obtained in recent years for Mre11 and Rad50 subunits from archaea, and a few from the bacterial and eukaryotic orthologs. Nevertheless, the mechanism of activation of this protein complex is yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we focused on recent biophysical and structural insights on the MRX complex and their interplay. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology.
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