期刊
IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY
卷 1, 期 -, 页码 77-91出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2019.2959595
关键词
Hybrid beamforming; millimeter-wave communications; 5G and beyond; wireless communications
资金
- Hong Kong Research Grants Council [16210216]
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication is a key technology for future wireless networks. To combat significant path loss and exploit the abundant mm-wave spectrum, effective beamforming is crucial. Nevertheless, conventional fully digital beamforming techniques are inapplicable, as they demand a separate radio frequency (RF) chain for each antenna element, which is costly and consumes too much energy. Hybrid beamforming is a cost-effective alternative, which can significantly reduce the hardware cost and power consumption by employing a small number of RF chains. This paper presents a holistic view on hybrid beamforming for 5G and beyond mm-wave systems, based on a new taxonomy for different hardware structures. We take a pragmatic approach and compare different proposals from three key aspects: 1) hardware efficiency, i.e., the required hardware components; 2) computational efficiency of the associated beamforming algorithm; and 3) achievable spectral efficiency, a main performance indicator. Through systematic comparisons, the interplay and trade-off among these three design aspects are demonstrated, and promising candidates for hybrid beamforming in future wireless networks are identified.
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