γ-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase catalyses a Stevens type rearrangement

gamma-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) is a 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase that catalyses the final step of L-carnitine biosynthesis in animals. BBOX catalyses the oxidation of 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate (THP), a clinically used BBOX inhibitor, to form multiple products including 3-amino-4-(methyamino)butanoic acid (AMBA), which is proposed to be formed via a Stevens type rearrangement mechanism. We report the synthesis of AMBA and confirm that it is a product of the BBOX catalysed oxidation of THP. AMBA reacts with formaldehyde, which is produced enzymatically by BBOX, to give a cyclic adduct. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.