Polarity-guided phytochemical extraction, polyphenolic characterization, and multimode biological evaluation of Seriphidium kurramense (Qazilb.) Y. R. Ling

Purpose of study: The undertaken study aims to assess the polyphenolic profile, and antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic potential of Seriphidium kurra-mense (Qazilb.) Y. R. Ling extracts.Methods: Extracts of aerial parts were prepared by successive extraction (n-hexane {Sk-nH}, ethyl acetate {Sk-EA}, methanol {Sk-M} and aqueous {Sk-Aq}). Chromogenic assays determined the antioxidant profile while HPLC quantified several polyphenols. Agar well diffusion was employed for antimicrobial potential while brine shrimp and hemolytic assays established the bio-safety profile. Results: The results have shown that maximum extract recovery (17.49% w/w), total phenolics content (24.44 +/- 0.15 lg GAE/mgE), and total flavonoids content (6.87 +/- 0.25 lg QE/mgE) were recorded in Sk-Aq. RP-HPLC quantified a significant amount of syringic acid (1.43 +/- 0.05 mu g/ mgE), caffeic acid (0.48 +/- 0.02 mu g/mgE), gentisic acid (6.44 +/- 0.01 mu g/mgE), and quercetin (4.3 9 +/- 0.01 mu g/mgE) in Sk-Aq, while maximum amounts of thymoquinone (0.21 +/- 0.02 mu g/mgE) and luteolin (3.90 +/- 0.03 mu g/mgE) along with apigenin (3.72 +/- 0.03 mu g/mgE) existed in Sk-M and highest quantities of ferulic acid (2.98 +/- 0.01 mu g/mgE), myricetin (1.04 +/- 0.02 mu g/mgE) and kaempferol (1.23 +/- 0.01 mu g/mgE) were found to be present in Sk-EA. A substantial free radical scavenging (85.87 +/- 1.00%), total reducing power (211.93 +/- 0.97 mu g AAE/mgE), and urease inhibition activity (87.99 +/- 0.19% at 500 mu g/ml) were also recorded in the Sk-Aq. The highest antioxidant capacity (243.5 +/- 1.12 mu g AAE/mgE), antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity (100% reduction in plaque formation at 400 mu g/ml) were observed for Sk-EA. Maximum antibacterial and antifungal activities were revealed against Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC = 25 +/- 0.37 mu g/ml), and Candida albicans (MIC = 50 +/- 0.19 mu g/ml) respectively. The prominent antidiabetic potential was displayed by Sk-nH in terms of a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibition. Conclusion: The results reported, herein suggest that S. kurramense can be a promising candidate for antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antidiabetic secondary metabolites.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

The study found that Seriphidium kurra-mense extracts exhibit significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, with the aqueous extract showing the best results. The plant has potential as a source of secondary metabolites for antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antidiabetic purposes.