Casein kinase CK2 structure and activities in plants

Casein kinase CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase and exists in all eukaryotes. It has been demonstrated to be widely involved in the biological processes of plants. The CK2 holoenzyme is a hetero-tetramer consisting of two catalytic subunits (alpha and/or alpha(/)) and two regulatory subunits (beta). CK2 in plants is generally encoded by multiple genes, with monomeric and oligomeric forms present in the tissue. Various subunit genes of CK2 have been cloned and characterized from Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, maize, wheat, tomato, and other plants. This paper reviews the structural features of CK2, provides a clear classification of its physiological functions and mechanisms of action, and elaborates on the regulation of CK2 activity to provide a knowledge base for subsequent studies of CK2 in plants.

Automated summary

Casein kinase CK2, a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, plays important roles in biological processes of plants with complex structural features and diverse physiological functions. CK2 in plants is encoded by multiple genes, existing in monomeric and oligomeric forms. Regulation of CK2 activity is crucial for subsequent research on plants.