Petrography and tectonic provenance of the Permian Tunas Formation: Implications on the paleotectonic setting during the Claromeco Foreland Basin evolution, southwestern Gondwana margin, Argentina

The Claromeco Basin is located at the south-western sector of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina. This basin is considered a foreland basin closely related to the evolution of the southwestern Gondwana margin. This contribution focuses on the provenance analysis of the Tunas Formation (Permian, Pillahuinco Group), which represents the last filling stage for the Claromeco Foreland Basin. Petrographic and tectonic provenance analyses were performed in sandstones recovered from subsurface (PANG 0001 and PANG 0003 exploration wells) and outcrops located close to the basin center (Gonzales Chaves locality). In the subsurface, the analyzed succession is composed of medium- to fine-grained sandstones interbedded with tuffs, mudrocks, carbonaceous mudrocks and coal beds. In outcrops, the succession is dominated by medium-to fine-grained sandstones interbedded with siltstones. Modal composition patterns are distributed into the recycled orogen and transitionally recycled to mixed fields. Petrographic analyses, in addition to provenance and sedimentological studies, confirm that sedimentary material was derived from a mixed source, which largely comes from the Sierras Australes fold and thrust belt, located towards the W-SW, where the sedimentary succession is interbedded with volcanic material. The Tunas Formation shows clear differences in its modal composition, paleocurrent direction and paleoenvironmental conditions with respect to the underlying units of the Pillahuinco Group (Sauce Grande, Piedra Azul and Bonete formations). Source areas changed from cratonic to mixed fold belt/arc-derived material, suggesting variations in the Claromeco Basin configuration during the Late Paleozoic. Changes in the paleotectonic scenario during the deposition of the Tunas Formation have been interpreted as a consequence of a compressive post-collisional deformation event, the product of adjustment, accommodation and translation of terrains towards the equator during the Permian-Triassic to form Pangea.

Automated summary

The Tunas Formation in the Claromeco Basin of Argentina represents the final filling stage of the foreland basin and is derived from a mixed source predominantly from the Sierras Australes fold and thrust belt in the W-SW. The composition patterns, paleoenvironmental conditions, and tectonic scenarios of the Tunas Formation differ significantly from the underlying units of the Pillahuinco Group, indicating changes in the basin configuration during the Late Paleozoic due to compressive post-collisional deformation events.