Treatment with hydrogen peroxide and seedcoat removal or clipping improve germination of 'Genesis' triploid watermelon

Seeds of triploid watermelons [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] often germinate poorly, which prevents adequate stand establishment In both field and greenhouse environments, Methods of improving germination and emergence of these expensive seeds would reduce overall risk to growers, thus increasing,the crop's market prominence. Seeds of 'Genesis' triploid watermelon were subjected to three treatments: 1) seedcoat removal; 2) clipping the seedcoat opposite the radicle end; or 3) no seedcoat alteration; and were germinated on agar in the presence of a 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, or 8% aqueous H2O2 at constant 28 degrees C in the dark. Seedcoat removal, clipping, and all levels of H2O2 increased final germination percentages relative to the control (no seedcoat alteration, no H2O2) by as much as 70%. Hydrogen peroxide levels >2% resulted in severe injury to germinating seeds, These findings suggest that germination barriers of triploid watermelon are seedcoat related, and that seedcoat alteration and H2O2,can overcome these barriers.