A prospective evaluation of new rapid urease tests before and after eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori, in comparison with histology, culture and 13C-urea breath test

Background: The rapid urease test is a simple and cost-effective method to detect Helicobacter pylori in biopsy specimens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of two new rapid urease tests, Helicocheck and PyloriTek, before and after eradication. Methods: A total of 278 patients, including 115 patients who had not undergone eradication of H pylori and 163 patients after eradication treatment, were enrolled. Eight biopsy specimens were taken from both the antrum and the body of the stomach for histology, culture, and two rapid urease tests. Assessment of H pylori infection was determined by the combination of histology, culture, and C-13-urea breath test. Results: Overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the Helicocheck before eradication were 91.0%, 100%, 100%, and 62.5%; PyloriTek, 92.0%, 100%, 100%, and 65.2%. Those of Helicocheck after eradication were, respectively, 60.5%, 99.2%, 95.8%, and 89.2%; PyloriTek, 60.5%, 99.2%, 95.8%, and 89.2%. For the Helicocheck, determination of the infection status of H pylori by biopsies from the gastric body had a significantly higher sensitivity than antral biopsies. After eradication, the combination of 1 antral biopsy and 1 biopsy from the body was not effective enough to improve the overall sensitivity. Conclusions. Helicocheck and PyloriTek have equally satisfactory overall sensitivity before eradication treatment. However, the sensitivity of these rapid urease tests was lower after eradication than before eradication.