Cancer signaling pathways with a therapeutic approach: An overview in epigenetic regulations of cancer stem cells

One of the most important issues in cancer progression is caner stem cells (CSCs) which have illustrated that the bulk tumors can arise from a special combination of cells. Remarkably, it has been proposed to be a notable and strong factor in carcinogenesis and tumorogenesis and also is a key parameter of therapeutic resistance. In this way, recent findings have shown the key roles of epigenetic regulations in cancer development. Considerably, epigenetic regulations of gene expression is an active and dynamic process including histone modification, DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling with a reversible trait. Meaningly, recent and novel findings have described the significance of epigenetic regulatory proteins from divers features comprising tumorogenesis, stem cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. Evidently, abnormal epigenetic regulations is directly related with many serious disorders particularly different cancers. We here review a discussion of how the deregulation of eclectic pathways containing Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), WNT, Beta catenin and NOTCH can help to carcinogenesis specially focusing to survival and maintenance of CSCs in therapeutic approach.