Antiglaucoma medications: A review of safety and tolerability issues related to their use

Background: Much experience has been gained with the use of older classes of antiglaucoma agents-topical beta-adrenergic-receptor antagonists, nonselective adrenergic-receptor agonists, oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and cholinergic agents. In the past decade, new drugs and classes of drugs used to treat glaucoma have become available, including topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandin analogues, and alpha(2)-adrenergic-receptor agonists. Extensive community-based use of antiglaucoma medications has led to an increased understanding of the acute and long-term safety and tolerability issues associated with their use. Objective: This paper reviews the side effects associated with the various classes of topical antiglaucoma drugs, with a particular focus on long-term safety issues.