期刊
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
卷 128, 期 8, 页码 1627-1638出版社
COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.163105
关键词
Plasma membrane; Lipid asymmetry; Microdomain; Electron microscopy; Freeze fracture
类别
资金
- Naito Foundation
- RIKEN
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [23590251, 22390018, 24657143]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26440071, 25293015, 15K07957, 25461011, 24657143, 15K08167, 23590251] Funding Source: KAKEN
There is a limited number of methods to examine transbilayer lipid distribution in biomembranes. We employed freeze-fracture replicalabelling immunoelectron microscopy in combination with lipidbinding proteins and a peptide to examine both transbilayer distribution and lateral distribution of various phospholipids in mammalian cells. Our results indicate that phospholipids are exclusively distributed either in the outer or inner leaflet of human red blood cell (RBC) membranes. In contrast, in nucleated cells, such as human skin fibroblasts and neutrophils, sphingomyelin was distributed in both leaflets while exhibiting characteristic lipid domains in the inner leaflet. Similar to RBCs, lipid asymmetry was maintained both in resting and thrombin-activated platelets. However, the microparticles released from thrombin-activated platelets lost membrane asymmetry. Our results suggest that the microparticles were shed from platelet plasma membrane domains enriched with phosphatidylserine and/or phosphatidylinositol at the outer leaflet. These findings underscore the strict regulation and cell-type specificity of lipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane.
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