Negative heat capacity in the critical region of nuclear fragmentation: an experimental evidence of the liquid-gas phase transition

An experimental indication of negative heat capacity in excited nuclear systems is inferred from the event by event study of energy fluctuations in Au quasi-projectile sources formed in Au + Au collisions at 35 A.MeV. Equilibrated events are selected and the excited source configuration is reconstructed through a calorimetric analysis of its de-excitation products. Fragment partitions show signs of a critical behavior at about 4.5 A.MeV excitation energy. Around this value the heat capacity shows a negative branch providing a direct evidence of a first order Liquid gas phase transition. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.