期刊
ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
卷 33, 期 4, 页码 235-242出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ar990102y
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Recent spectroscopic results in the emerging area of transition-metal NIR-to-visible upconversion are related. The examples of Ti2+-, Re4+-, and Os4+-doped materials showing upconversion illustrate GSA/ESA, GSA/ETU, and photon avalanche multiphoton excitation mechanisms, respectively. Strategies for manipulation of such upconversion processes using the spectroscopic or magnetic properties of the host material are described. High-resolution low-temperature continuous-wave absorption and emission and time-resolved emission experiments combine to yield information about energy splittings, intensities, and excited-state dynamics, and assist in the design and development of luminescent materials showing novel multiphoton excitation properties.
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