Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from waste tea using K2CO3

Biomasses and their wastes have been used to produce various materials including activated carbons (ACs). The properties of the ACs mostly depend on the production method and the type of the raw material. Waste tea that is a biomass as a precursor was employed to prepare activated carbon (AC) in accordance with the conventional method using potassium carbonate (K2CO3). The effects of various process parameters such as carbonisation temperature and period, impregnation ratio and period on the characteristics of the final product were determined. The ACs were characterised in terms of the BET surface area, the true density, the pore volumes, chemical structure and surface morphology. The maximum surface area of the AC was 1722 m(2)/g produced at 900 degrees C and impregnation ratio of 1.0. The pore volumes of the samples were found out according to the Non Local Density Functional Theory (NLDFT) method. To produce the AC with high micropore volume fraction, 800 degrees C is the best convenient temperature for the experiments performed at impregnation ratios of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. The BET surface area and the mesopore volume fractions of the AC were substantially increased at 900 degrees C. The results showed that both the carbonisation temperature and impregnation ratio noticeably affected the micro and mesopore volumes as well as the BET surface area. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.