期刊
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
卷 35, 期 1, 页码 146-152出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.08.021
关键词
Bio-residue; Cellulose nanowhiskers; Morphology; Chemical composition; Crystallinity
The aim of this study was to explore the utilization of industrial bio-residues as a source of raw material for the industrial production of cellulose nanowhiskers. The used residue, obtained from a bioethanol pilot plant, was first purified using chemical extraction and bleaching, and then separated to nanowhiskers by mechanical treatments such as ultrasonication, high-pressure homogenization as well as chemical acid hydrolysis. The chemical compositions and characteristics of the bio-residue were studied before and after purification using a TAPPI standard, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of the isolated nanowhiskers was characterized using atomic force microscope (AFM). The chemical composition of the used bio-residue was found to be 49.5 wt% cellulose, 42.1 wt% lignin and 8.4 wt% extractives. The crystallinity of the bio-residue was 14.5% and it increased to more than 73% after the purification process. The nanowhiskers isolated using ultrasonication or high-pressure homogenization had better thermal stability than nanowhiskers isolated with acid hydrolysis. The AFM study showed that a simple ultrasonication and homogenization processes resulted in nanosize whiskers with diameters in the 10-20 nm range. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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