Seminal plasma glycoproteins in male infertility and prostate diseases: is there a chance for glyco-biomarkers?

Context: Disturbed protein-carbohydrate interactions may underlie the molecular mechanism of some diseases of the male reproductive tract, including infertility and prostate diseases. Objective: To summarize the current knowledge on the glycosylation patterns of glycodelin-S, fibronectin, prostate-specific antigen, and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein. Results: Some rare glycoepitopes have been found in seminal plasma glycoproteins: high-mannose and polylactosamine-type glycans, and N-glycans containing N-acetyl-galactosamine. The glycosylation profiles occur altered in pathological conditions. Conclusion: Further detailed studies may lead up to indicate the biomarkers useful in the management of male reproductive tract disorders.