Nucleation and growth mechanism of electropolymerization of polypyrrole on gold/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrode

Nucleation and growth mechanism of polypyrrole films was investigated on vapor deposited gold/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite by current-time transient (i-t) measurements and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the nucleation and growth was an instantaneous two-dimensional process before nuclei overlapping and progressive three-dimensional after nuclei overlapping. The polypyrrole structure was observed to be zigzag or screw-type and particle-like for thin and thick films, respectively. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)06-153-4. All rights reserved.