期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
卷 29, 期 4, 页码 722-729出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/ije/29.4.722
关键词
biometry; causal models; compliance; confounding; econometrics; epidemiological methods; instrumental variables; measurement error; misclassification; regression; regression calibration; statistics
Instrumental-variable (IV) methods were invented over 70 years ago, but remain uncommon in epidemiology. Over the past decade or so, non-parametric versions of IV methods have appeared that connect IV methods to causal and measurement-error models important in epidemiological applications. This paper provides an introduction to those developments, illustrated by an application of IV methods to non-parametric adjustment for non-compliance in randomized trials.
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