Wing pigmentation in Calopteryx damselflies: a role in thermoregulation?

Body melanization may show adaptive variation related to thermoregulation ability, and it is to be expected that the degree of melanization will change among populations or closely related species across environmental gradients of solar radiation and/or environmental temperature. Some melanized secondary sexual traits may also play a role in sexual selection, leading to interpopulation variation, which would not be predicted by thermoregulation pressures alone. We studied the relationships between the interpopulation variation in wing pigmentation level (i.e. melanized secondary sexual trait) of two closely related species of Calopteryx damselfly, and both solar radiation and maximum environmental temperature estimates. Wing pigmentation differs between these species, is gender specific and is used in species' discrimination. Only Calopteryx virgo meridionalis males showed a significant negative partial correlation between wing pigmentation degree and temperature. However, C. virgo meridionalis females showed a positive significant partial correlation between wing pigmentation degree and solar radiation. Wing pigmentation in Calopteryx xanthostoma males was not related to solar radiation or temperature. Thus, thermoregulation pressures poorly explained the observed variations in wing pigmentation between populations, although they might have an adaptive significance at the species' level. As wing pigmentation showed important latitudinal variation, several other selection pressures which might act on melanized traits are briefly discussed. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 103, 36-44.